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Math:Integration by parts
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Integration by parts is basically just a formula to memorize. Here's how I write it: <math> \int uv = uV-\int u'V </math> ...where: <math> u=u(x), v=v(x), V=\int v(x) \; \mathrm{d} x, u'=\frac{ \mathrm{d} }{ \mathrm{d} x} u(x) </math> So written out fully, integration by parts looks like: <math> \int u(x)v(x) \;\mathrm{d}x = u(x)\int v(x) \; \mathrm{d}x-\int \left( u'(x) \left( \int v(x) \; \mathrm{d}x) \right) \right) \; \mathrm{d}x </math> This formula is very useful for when you have two functions, denoted as <math>u(x)</math> and <math>v(x)</math>, multiplied together into 1 function. === Examples === So for instance: <math> \int 4x\cos (2-3x) \; \mathrm{d}x </math> can be split up into: <math> u(x)=4x, v(x)=\cos (2-3x) </math> which then calculating all the necessary stuff: <math> u(x) = 4x, v(x) = \cos (2-3x), u'(x) = 4, V(x) = -\frac{\sin(2-3x)}{3} + C </math> The first part of the formula, <math> uV = 4x \left( -\frac{\sin(2-3x)}{3} \right) + C = -\frac{4}{3} x \left( \sin(2-3x) \right) + C </math> And the second part, <math> \begin{array}{lcl} \int u'V = \frac{-4}{3} \int \sin(2-3x) \; \mathrm{d}x = \frac{-4}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{3} \cdot \sin(2-3x) + C = \frac{-4}{9} \sin(2-3x) + C \end{array} </math> Now let's finish this up: <math>uV - \int u'V = -\frac{4}{3} x \left( \sin(2-3x) \right) - \frac{-4}{9} \sin(2-3x) + C = -\frac{4}{3} x \left( \sin(2-3x) \right) - \frac{-4}{9} \sin(2-3x) + C = \boxed { -\frac{4}{3} x \left( \sin(2-3x) \right) + \frac{ 4}{9} \sin(2-3x) + C } </math>
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